Key Terms and Concepts: (This should be detailed notes for your assigned section. This should also include reference images or diagrams for visual concepts. Links can be embedded as well for terms that may require further explanation.)

Closed form confines all the relevant information of a painting, or in our case a film, inside the frame. In opposition to this is open form, which instead allows the world of the painting, or film, to extend beyond the frame and occupy space that we, as the audience, cannot actually see.
http://monoursblanc.com/2008/11/29/seeing-mise-en-scene-defining-the-form-open-or-closed/

• Open forms: usually used by realist filmmakers, tend to be stylistically recessive; emphasizes informal and unobtrusive compositions which seem to have no discernible structure and suggest a random form of organization; stresses simple techniques to be able to emphasize the immediate, the familiar, the intimate aspects of reality; images photographed in aleatory conditions; formal beauty is sacrificed for truth; frame tends to be deemphasized.
  
• Closed forms: usually used by formalist filmmakers, tend to generally be self-conscious and conspicuous; emphasizes a more stylized design which can suggest a superficial realism discovered look that typifies open forms; emphasizes the unfamiliar which are rich in textural contrasts and compelling visual effects; tend to be more densely saturated with visual information; literal truth is sacrificed for beauty; the shot represents a miniature proscenium arch, with all the necessary information carefully structured within the confines of the frame.
  
• Aleatory conditions: produce a sense of spontaneity and directness that would be difficult to capture in a rigidly controlled context.
  
• Closed forms generally show all that is necessary within the frame, all mystery of setting, character, context are resolved with in the frame.

Bowling For Columbine, 2002

• Dramatic action leads the camera in open form
• In closed form, the camera anticipates the action
• Anticipatory setups – camera is setup to anticipate movement of an action before it occurs; suggests predestination
• Most films use both open and closed forms depending on specific dramatic context
• Disadvantages of open form – sometimes seem sloppy, naïve, home-made, boring, ugly even
• Disadvantages of closed form – can seem arty, pretentious, looks computer-programmed
• An editor can portray violence by using diagonal and zigzagging lines, aggressinve colors, close-ups, extreme angle, harsh lihting contrasts, unbalanced compositions, movement of camera and/of subject and large shapes.
• Filmmakers can vary emphasis sometimes stressing an image, movement, and sometimes sounds. Sometimes all three are used at one time.
• Movies can seem uniteresting because the dominant is found elsewhere such as the music or editing.
• Photography and mise en scene are merely two language systems of many. So an image must sometimes be restrained or less saturated with meaning than a painting or a still photo.
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Iconographical-
1. a. pictorial illustration of a subject
b. the collected representations illustrating a subject
2. a set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of stylized work of art.

Editing-
1. to assemble the components of (a film or soundtrack) as by cutting and splicing.
2. to eliminate; delete;
3. the joining of one shot (strip of film) with another. The shots can picture events and objects in different places at different times.

An example of analysis for the movie M:

1. Dominant: The balloon, the brightest object in the frame. When the photo is turned upside down and converted to a pattern of abstract shapes, its dominance is more readily discernible.
2. Lighting Key: Murky low key, with high-key spotlights on the balloon and the four main figures.
3. Shot and Camera Proxemics: The shot is slightly more distant than a full shot. The camera proxemic range is social, perhaps about ten feet from the dominant.
4. Angle: slightly high, suggesting an air of fatality.
5. Color values: The movie is in black and white.
6. Lens/filter/stock: A standard lens is used, with no apparent filter. Standard slow stock.
7. Subsidiary contrasts: The figures of the killer, the witness, and the two criminals in the upper left.
8. Density: The shot has a high degree of density, especially considering the shadowy lighting. Such details as the texture of the brick walls, the creases in the clothing, and the expressive faces of the actors are highlighted.
9. Composition: The image is divided into three general areas- left, center and right- suggesting instability and tension.
10. Form: Definitely closed: The frame suggests a constricting cell, with no exit for the prisoner.
11. Framing: Tight: the killer is trapped in the same territory with his threatening accusors.
12. Depth: The image is composed on three depth planes: the two figures in the foreground, the two figures on the stairs in the midground, and the brick wall of the background.
13. Character placement: The accusers and balloon tower above the killer, sealing off any avenue of escape, while he cowers below at the extreme right edge, almost falling into the symbolic blackness outside the frame.
14. Stagging positions: The accusers stand in a quarter-turn position, implying a greater imtimacy with us than the main character, who is in the profile postions, totally unaware of anything but his own terror.
15. Character Proxemics: Proxemics are personal between the foreground characters, the killer's immediate problem, and intimate between the men on the stairs, who function as a double threat. The range between the two pairs is social.

Review Questions: (Minimum of 5 critical thinking questions. Group should be able to respond to their own questions during their presentation)

• What is the difference between the sacrifices of open and closed forms?
  
• Why are aleatory conditions more suitable in open forms?
  
• Would most documentaries be considered as open or closed forms? In what ways?
• What are the 15 elements used to analyze systematic mise en scene in any given shot?
• What creates dominace?

Reference Films: (Include title, year of production and reason for reference.

• The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Italy, 1970):
  This film was used as a reference to how open films have no discernible structure and suggest a random form of organization where objects and figures seem to have been found rather than deliberately arranged.
  
• Space Cowboys (U.S.A., 2000):
  This film was used as a reference to show how in open forms, aleatory conditions can produce a sense of spontaneity and directness that would be difficult to captured in a rigidly controlled context.. This shows that it is an open form because it is so tightly framed.
  
  
  

·Traffic (U.S.A., 2000), is an example of an open form film in which dramatic action leads the camera. The camera follows the actors making it seem that it’s what is happening on screen that is important not on the set.



· The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Italy, 1970) An example of open form films, certain stills from this film suggests a frozen instant of truth that are found not created.


· Space Cowboys (U.S.A., 2000) The photo in the book is in open form, it doesn’t give the whole picture and seems be shot arbitrarily.


· Training Day (U.S.A., 2001) An example of closed form. This shot is composed in how the clutter, the tattooed arms, the foreground enclose the main character, evoking a feeling of confinement.




· Full Metal Jacket (Britain/U.S.A., 1987) This film is used as an example of films that use both open and closed forms. The first shot (as shown) is an open shot that is not fully in frame, seems cut off, arbitrarily shot. The second shot of the same film (not shown) is considered closed form, it is formed in a way that shows an injured soldier around which 4 other soldiers gather around to help – provides a sense of camaraderie.
Links: (Minimum of 5 links with a brief description that relate to key terms, films, concepts, artisits, films, etc...)